--- title: Jeremiah 4:31 (JPS 1917) — For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of… · tree and pragmatics description: For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, that gaspeth for breath, that spreadeth her hands: 'Woe is me, now! for my soul fainteth before the murderers.' Who acts: I, anguish, daughter, Woe. Jeremi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.134/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/4/) / [4:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.31/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 4:31 · JPS 1917 For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, that gaspeth for breath, that spreadeth her hands: 'Woe is me, now! for my soul fainteth before the murderers.' **Who acts:** I, anguish, daughter, Woe, soul · **What happens:** hear, bring forth, gasp, spread, be, faint · **To what, where:** voice, first child, hands, me This is Jeremiah 4:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, anguish, daughter, Woe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:134 # text = For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, that gaspeth for breath, that spreadeth her hands: 'Woe is me, now! for my soul fainteth before the murderers.' 1 For for SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 as as ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 10 case _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 7 fixed _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 woman woman NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 travail travail NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 anguish anguish NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 16 as as ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 18 case _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 16 fixed _ _ 18 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod _ _ 19 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 bringeth bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 21 forth forth ADV RB _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 24 amod _ _ 24 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 daughter daughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 Zion Zion PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 gaspeth gasp VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 40 nsubj _ _ 40 spreadeth spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 41 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ _ 42 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 43 : : PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 44 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 47 punct _ _ 45 Woe woe NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 46 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 cop _ _ 47 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 parataxis _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 49 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 47 advmod _ _ 50 ! ! PUNCT . _ 47 punct _ _ 51 for for SCONJ IN _ 54 mark _ _ 52 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 53 soul soul NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 nsubj _ _ 54 fainteth faint VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 advcl _ _ 55 before before ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 murderers murderer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obl _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 47 punct _ _ 59 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 47 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | I | a voice | | | | as a woman in travail | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | | 2 | **bring forth** | present | the anguish as woman | woman's first child | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | | 3 | **gasp** | present | the daughter of Zion | | | | | for breath | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for breath=Recipient | | 4 | **spread** | present | the daughter of Zion | Zion's hands | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | Woe | me | | | now | | tree rules | | 6 | **faint** | present | my soul | | | | before the murderers | | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּי֩ ק֨וֹל כְּחוֹלָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי צָרָה֙ כְּמַבְכִּירָ֔ה ק֧וֹל בַּת־צִיּ֛וֹן תִּתְיַפֵּ֖חַ תְּפָרֵ֣שׂ כַּפֶּ֑יהָ אֽוֹי־נָ֣א לִ֔י כִּֽי־עָיְפָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י לְהֹרְגִֽים׃פ [Jeremiah 4:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:134` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 4:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.133/) - next →: [Jeremiah 5:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.135/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 4:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.31/)