---
title: Jeremiah 50:18 (JPS 1917) — Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria. Who acts: LORD, I. Jeremiah 50:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 50:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** say, punish · **To what, where:** king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 50:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1348
# text = Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	punish	punish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts |  |  |  |  | therefore, thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **punish** | future | I | the king of Babylon and king's land |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient |
| 3 | **punish** | present · perfect | I | the king of Assyria |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֥י פֹקֵ֛ד אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאֶל־אַרְצ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקַ֖דְתִּי אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃

[Jeremiah 50:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1348` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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