---
title: Jeremiah 50:31 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I am against thee, O thou most arrogant, saith the Lord GOD… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, I am against thee, O thou most arrogant, saith the Lord GOD of hosts; for thy day is come, the time that I will punish thee. Who acts: I, Lord GOD, day. Jeremiah 50:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 50:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, I am against thee, O thou most arrogant, saith the Lord GOD of hosts; for thy day is come, the time that I will punish thee.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, Lord GOD, day · **What happens:** be, say, punish · **To what, where:** thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 50:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Lord GOD, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1362
# text = Behold, I am against thee, O thou most arrogant, saith the Lord GOD of hosts; for thy day is come, the time that I will punish thee.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	ccomp	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
10	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	11	advmod	_	_
11	arrogant	arrogant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	vocative	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	come	come	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	advcl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	punish	punish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	acl:relcl	_	_
32	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	obj	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | against thee; arrogant *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD of hosts |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | thy day |  |  |  |  | come *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **punish** | future | I | thee |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃

[Jeremiah 50:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1362` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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