--- title: Jeremiah 50:42 (JPS 1917) — They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassi… · tree and pragmatics description: They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassion; their voice is like the roaring sea, and they ride upon horses; set in array, as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Babylon. Who acts: people, voice. Jeremiah 50:42 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1373/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 50](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/50/) / [50:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.42/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 50:42 · JPS 1917 They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassion; their voice is like the roaring sea, and they ride upon horses; set in array, as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Babylon. **Who acts:** people, voice · **What happens:** lay hold, be, have, ride, set · **To what, where:** bow, compassion, array This is Jeremiah 50:42 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:1373 # text = They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassion; their voice is like the roaring sea, and they ride upon horses; set in array, as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Babylon. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 lay lay VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 hold hold ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 bow bow NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 cruel cruel ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 15 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 16 det _ _ 16 compassion compassion NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 21 like like ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 roaring roaring ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 ride ride VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 29 upon upon ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 32 set set VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 array array NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 as as ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 39 for for ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 against against ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 32 obl _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 O o INTJ UH _ 46 discourse _ _ 46 daughter daughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 appos _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 Babylon Babylon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lay hold** | present | people | bow and spear | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bow=Result | | 2 | **is** | present | people | | | | | cruel *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **have** | present | people *not said here* | no compassion | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compassion=Patient | | 4 | **is** | present | people's voice | | | | | like the roaring sea | tree rules | | 5 | **ride** | present | people | | | | | upon horses | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **set** | participle | people *not said here* | | | array | | as a man for war; against thee | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in array=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִידֹ֞ן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃ [Jeremiah 50:42: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.42/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1373` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 50:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1372/) - next →: [Jeremiah 50:43 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1374/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 50:42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.50.42/)