---
title: Jeremiah 51:1 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and ag… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in Leb-kamai, a destroying wind. Who acts: LORD, I. Jeremiah 51:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 51:1 · JPS 1917

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Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in Leb-kamai, a destroying wind.

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**Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** say, raise up, dwell, destroy · **To what, where:** destroying wind, Leb · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 51:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1378
# text = Thus saith the LORD: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in Leb-kamai, a destroying wind.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
11	up	up	ADV	RP	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Leb	Leb	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	_
23	kamai	kamai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	destroying	destroy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	amod	_	_
27	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **raise up** | future | I | a destroying wind |  |  |  | against Babylon | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wind=Theme against babylon=Destination |
| 3 | **dwell** | present |  |  |  | Leb |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in leb=Location |
| 4 | **destroy** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מֵעִ֣יר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י ר֖וּחַ מַשְׁחִֽית׃

[Jeremiah 51:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1378` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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