---
title: Jeremiah 51:11 (JPS 1917) — Make bright the arrows, fill the quivers, the LORD hath roused the s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Make bright the arrows, fill the quivers, the LORD hath roused the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because His device is against Babylon, to destroy it; for it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of His temple. Who acts: you, LORD, device. Jeremiah 51:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tre
---

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# Jeremiah 51:11 · JPS 1917

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Make bright the arrows, fill the quivers, the LORD hath roused the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because His device is against Babylon, to destroy it; for it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of His temple.

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**Who acts:** you, LORD, device · **What happens:** make, fill, rouse, be, destroy · **To what, where:** arrows, quivers, spirit, device, vengeance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 51:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, LORD, device), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1388
# text = Make bright the arrows, fill the quivers, the LORD hath roused the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because His device is against Babylon, to destroy it; for it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of His temple.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	fill	fill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	quivers	quiver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	roused	rouse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Medes	Mede	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	against	against	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	acl	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
34	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
36	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | the arrows |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arrow=Product |
| 2 | **fill** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the quivers |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent quiver=Patient |
| 3 | **rouse** | present · perfect | the LORD | the spirit of the kings of the Medes |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spirit=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | LORD's device |  |  |  |  | against Babylon | tree rules |
| 5 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | LORD's device *not said here* | device |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 6 | **is a** | present | device | the vengeance |  |  |  | of the LORD | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־ר֙וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי־עַל־בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי־נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃

[Jeremiah 51:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1388` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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