---
title: Jeremiah 51:25 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, wh… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, which destroyest all the earth; and I will stretch out My hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain. Who acts: I, LORD, destroying mountain. Jeremiah 51:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency t
---

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# Jeremiah 51:25 · JPS 1917

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Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, which destroyest all the earth; and I will stretch out My hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain.

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**Who acts:** I, LORD, destroying mountain · **What happens:** be, destroy, say, stretch out, roll down, make · **To what, where:** earth, hand, thee, rocks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 51:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD, destroying mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1402
# text = Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, which destroyest all the earth; and I will stretch out My hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
9	destroying	destroy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	amod	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	destroyest	destroy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	roll	roll	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
34	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	obj	_	_
35	down	down	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
43	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	42	obj	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	burnt	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	amod	_	_
46	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	xcomp	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | against thee; destroying mountain *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **destroy** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **destroy** | present | destroying mountain | all earth |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient |
| 5 | **stretch out** | future | I | My hand |  |  |  | upon thee | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 6 | **roll down** | infinitive | I *not said here* | thee |  | the rocks |  | down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent thou=Theme from rock=Trajectory |
| 7 | **make** | future | I *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thou=Product |
| 8 | **burn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנְנִ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ הַ֤ר הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְהַ֥ר שְׂרֵפָֽה׃

[Jeremiah 51:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1402` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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