---
title: Jeremiah 51:30 (JPS 1917) — The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in the… · tree and pragmatics
description: The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed, they are become as women; her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken. Who acts: mighty men, men, might. Jeremiah 51:30 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Jeremiah 51:30 · JPS 1917

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The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed, they are become as women; her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken.

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**Who acts:** mighty men, men, might · **What happens:** forbear, fight, remain, fail, become, set · **To what, where:** strongholds, dwelling places, fire, bars

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 51:30 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mighty men, men, might), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1407
# text = The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed, they are become as women; her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	forborne	forbear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	might	might	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	failed	fail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	parataxis	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
29	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	_
31	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
37	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbear** | present · perfect | the mighty men of Babylon |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the mighty men of Babylon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **remain** | present | men *= man* |  |  | men's strongholds |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in stronghold=Location |
| 4 | **fail** | present · perfect | men's might |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **become** | present · passive | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | as women | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **set** | present · passive |  | Babylon's dwelling places |  | fire |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on fire=Destination |
| 7 | **break** | present · passive |  | Babylon's bars |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ׃

[Jeremiah 51:30: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.30/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1407` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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