---
title: Jeremiah 51:32 (JPS 1917) — And the fords are seized, and the castles they have burned with fire… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the fords are seized, and the castles they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted. Who acts: fords. Jeremiah 51:32 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1409/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/) / [51:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.32/) / JPS 1

# Jeremiah 51:32 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the fords are seized, and the castles they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fords · **What happens:** seize, burn, affright · **To what, where:** fords, castles, men

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 51:32 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fords), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1409
# text = And the fords are seized, and the castles they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fords	ford	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | present · passive |  | the fords |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | present · perfect | fords *= ford* | the castles |  |  |  | with fire | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent castle=Patient with fire=Instrument |
| 3 | **affright** | present · passive |  | the men of war |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהַמַּעְבָּר֣וֹת נִתְפָּ֔שׂוּ וְאֶת־הָאֲגַמִּ֖ים שָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה נִבְהָֽלוּ׃ס

[Jeremiah 51:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.32/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1409` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Jeremiah 51:31 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1408/)
- next →: [Jeremiah 51:33 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1410/)
- ↑ back to [Jeremiah 51:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.32/)