---
title: Jeremiah 51:51 (JPS 1917) — 'We are ashamed, because we have heard reproach, confusion hath cove… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'We are ashamed, because we have heard reproach, confusion hath covered our faces; for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of the LORD'S house.' Who acts: We, confusion, strangers. Jeremiah 51:51 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 51:51 · JPS 1917

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'We are ashamed, because we have heard reproach, confusion hath covered our faces; for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of the LORD'S house.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, confusion, strangers · **What happens:** be, hear, cover, come · **To what, where:** reproach, faces, sanctuaries

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 51:51 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, confusion, strangers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1429
# text = 'We are ashamed, because we have heard reproach, confusion hath covered our faces; for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of the LORD'S house.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	_
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sanctuaries	sanctuary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	_
28	'S	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | We |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | present · perfect | we | reproach |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer reproach=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cover** | present · perfect | confusion | our faces |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme face=Destination |
| 4 | **come** | present · passive | strangers |  |  | the sanctuaries of the LORD's house |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into sanctuary=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בֹּ֚שְׁנוּ כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ חֶרְפָּ֔ה כִּסְּתָ֥ה כְלִמָּ֖ה פָּנֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֚י בָּ֣אוּ זָרִ֔ים עַֽל־מִקְדְּשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃ס

[Jeremiah 51:51: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.51/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1429` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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