---
title: Jeremiah 1:18 (JPS 1917) — For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an iron… · tree and pragmatics
description: For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls, against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land. Who acts: I. Jeremiah 1:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency 
---

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# Jeremiah 1:18 · JPS 1917

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For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls, against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** make · **To what, where:** fortified city, thee

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This is Jeremiah 1:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:17
# text = For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls, against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land.
1	For	for	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	iobj	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	fortified	fortify	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	pillar	pillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	brazen	brazen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	against	against	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	against	against	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
38	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	against	against	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
43	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
46	against	against	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	_
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect | I | a fortified city and a iron pillar and brazen walls | thee |  | day | against the whole land; against the kings of Judah and the princes and the priests and the people of the land | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary city=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה נְתַתִּ֣יךָ הַיּ֗וֹם לְעִ֨יר מִבְצָ֜ר וּלְעַמּ֥וּד בַּרְזֶ֛ל וּלְחֹמ֥וֹת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לְמַלְכֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂרֶ֔יהָ לְכֹהֲנֶ֖יהָ וּלְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃

[Jeremiah 1:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.1.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:17` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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