---
title: Jeremiah 6:10 (JPS 1917) — To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they may hear? · tree and pragmatics
description: To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they may hear? Who acts: I, hosts. Jeremiah 6:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.178/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/6/) / [6:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.6.10/) / JPS 1

# Jeremiah 6:10 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they may hear?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, hosts · **What happens:** speak, give, hear · **To what, where:** warning · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 6:10 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, hosts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:178
# text = To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they may hear?
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | shall | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to whom=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **give** | infinitive | I *not said here* | warning |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | may | hosts *= host* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עַל־מִ֨י אֲדַבְּרָ֤ה וְאָעִ֙ידָה֙ וְיִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הִנֵּה֙ עֲרֵלָ֣ה אָזְנָ֔ם וְלֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ לְהַקְשִׁ֑יב הִנֵּ֣ה דְבַר־יְהוָ֗ה הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לְחֶרְפָּ֖ה לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃

[Jeremiah 6:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.6.10/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they may hear?**
2. [Behold, their ear is dull, and they cannot attend; behold, the word of the LORD is become unto them a reproach, they have no delight in it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.179/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:178` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Jeremiah 6:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.177/)
- next →: [Jeremiah 6:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.179/)
- ↑ back to [Jeremiah 6:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.6.10/)