---
title: Jeremiah 8:2 (JPS 1917) — and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the… · tree and pragmatics
description: and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped; they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung upon the 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.238/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/8/) / [8:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.2/) / JPS 1

# Jeremiah 8:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped; they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bones · **What happens:** spread, love, serve, walk, seek, worship · **To what, where:** graves, sun, host, bones

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 8:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:238
# text = and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped; they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	obj	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	acl:relcl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	30	obj	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
33	after	after	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	obl	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	walked	walk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	conj	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
40	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	43	obj	_	_
41	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
42	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
43	sought	seek	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	37	conj	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
46	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	49	obj	_	_
47	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
48	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
49	worshipped	worship	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	43	conj	_	_
50	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	55	punct	_	_
51	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	nsubj:pass	_	_
52	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	55	aux	_	_
53	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	55	advmod	_	_
54	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	55	aux:pass	_	_
55	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	59	cc	_	_
58	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	aux:pass	_	_
59	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	55	conj	_	_
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
61	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	65	nsubj	_	_
62	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	65	aux	_	_
63	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	65	cop	_	_
64	for	for	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
66	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	nmod	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	71	det	_	_
71	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	nmod	_	_
72	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | shall | bones *= bone* | graves *= grave* |  | the sun and the moon and all host of heaven |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme before sun=Destination |
| 2 | **love** | present · perfect | bones *= bone* | all host of heaven |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus |
| 3 | **serve** | present · perfect | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Attribute |
| 4 | **walk** | present · perfect | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **seek** | present · perfect | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
| 6 | **worship** | present · perfect | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus |
| 7 | **not** **gather** | shall · passive |  | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 8 | **bury** | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP» |
| 9 | **is** | shall | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  | for dung; upon the face of the earth | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃

[Jeremiah 8:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.2/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:238` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Jeremiah 8:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.237/)
- next →: [Jeremiah 8:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.239/)
- ↑ back to [Jeremiah 8:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.2/)