---
title: Jeremiah 8:16 (JPS 1917) — The snorting of his horses is heard from Dan; at the sound of the ne… · tree and pragmatics
description: The snorting of his horses is heard from Dan; at the sound of the neighing of his strong ones the whole land trembleth; for they are come, and have devoured the land and all that is in it, the city and those that dwell therein. Who acts: whole land, Peace, horses, strong ones. Jeremiah 8:16 in JPS 1
---

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# Jeremiah 8:16 · JPS 1917

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The snorting of his horses is heard from Dan; at the sound of the neighing of his strong ones the whole land trembleth; for they are come, and have devoured the land and all that is in it, the city and those that dwell therein.

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**Who acts:** whole land, Peace, horses, strong ones · **What happens:** hear, tremble, come, devour, be, dwell · **To what, where:** snorting, Dan, sound, land, that

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 8:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whole land, Peace, horses, strong ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:256
# text = The snorting of his horses is heard from Dan; at the sound of the neighing of his strong ones the whole land trembleth; for they are come, and have devoured the land and all that is in it, the city and those that dwell therein.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snorting	snorting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Dan	Dan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	neighing	neigh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	trembleth	tremble	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	devoured	devour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	conj	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	35	conj	_	_
38	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	acl:relcl	_	_
39	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
41	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	those	those	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	44	conj	_	_
47	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	48	nsubj	_	_
48	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	acl:relcl	_	_
49	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · passive |  | the snorting of good's horses |  | Dan |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Topic from dan=Source |
| 2 | **tremble** | present | the whole land |  |  | the sound of the neighing of good's strong ones |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at sound=Location |
| 3 | **come** | present · passive | Peace |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **devour** | present · perfect | Peace *not said here* | the land and the city |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  | that |  | land *obl* | tree rules |
| 6 | **dwell** | present |  |  |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **snort** |  | good's horses |  |  |  |  |  | nom snorting «act intransitive»: of=agent |
| 8 | **neigh** |  | good's strong ones |  |  |  |  |  | nom neigh «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִדָּ֤ן נִשְׁמַע֙ נַחְרַ֣ת סוּסָ֗יו מִקּוֹל֙ מִצְהֲל֣וֹת אַבִּירָ֔יו רָעֲשָׁ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּב֗וֹאוּ וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ס

[Jeremiah 8:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:256` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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