---
title: Jeremiah 8:20 (JPS 1917) — 'The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.' · tree and pragmatics
description: 'The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.' Who acts: harvest. Jeremiah 8:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 8:20 · JPS 1917

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'The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.'

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**Who acts:** harvest · **What happens:** be, end, not save · **To what, where:** summer, we

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This is Jeremiah 8:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (harvest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:261
# text = 'The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	_
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	ended	end	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
18	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the harvest |  |  |  |  | past *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | present · passive |  | the summer |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **not** **save** | present · passive |  | we |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עָבַ֥ר קָצִ֖יר כָּ֣לָה קָ֑יִץ וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ ל֥וֹא נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃

[Jeremiah 8:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:261` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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