---
title: Jeremiah 9:10 (JPS 1917) — And I will make Jerusalem heaps, a lair of jackals; and I will make… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will make Jerusalem heaps, a lair of jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without an inhabitant. Who acts: I. Jeremiah 9:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 9:10 · JPS 1917

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And I will make Jerusalem heaps, a lair of jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without an inhabitant.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** make · **To what, where:** heaps, Jerusalem, cities

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This is Jeremiah 9:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:278
# text = And I will make Jerusalem heaps, a lair of jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without an inhabitant.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	iobj	_	_
6	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lair	lair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	without	without	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | future | I | heaps | Jerusalem |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset jerusalem=Beneficiary heap=Product |
| 2 | **make** | future | I | the cities of Judah |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְגַלִּ֖ים מְע֣וֹן תַּנִּ֑ים וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מִבְּלִ֖י יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ס

[Jeremiah 9:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:278` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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