---
title: Jeremiah 9:18 (JPS 1917) — For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone! · tree and pragmatics
description: For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone! Jeremiah 9:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone!

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** hear out, undo · **To what, where:** voice, Zion, we

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This is Jeremiah 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:288
# text = For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone!
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wailing	wailing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	Zion	Zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
13	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	undone	undo	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear out** | present · passive |  | a voice of wailing |  | Zion |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **undo** | present · passive |  | we |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י ק֥וֹל נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִּיּ֖וֹן אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ס

[Jeremiah 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.18/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone!**
2. [We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because our dwellings have cast us out.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.289/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:288` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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