---
title: Jeremiah 9:18 (JPS 1917) — We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, becaus… · tree and pragmatics
description: We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because our dwellings have cast us out.' Who acts: we, dwellings. Jeremiah 9:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.289/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/9/) / [9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.18/) / JPS 2

# Jeremiah 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because our dwellings have cast us out.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, dwellings · **What happens:** confound, forsake, cast out · **To what, where:** We, land, us

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, dwellings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:289
# text = We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because our dwellings have cast us out.'
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	confounded	confound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	dwellings	dwelling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confound** | present · passive |  | We |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **forsake** | present · perfect | we | the land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cast out** | present · perfect | our dwellings | us |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material we=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י ק֥וֹל נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִּיּ֖וֹן אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ס

[Jeremiah 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.18/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.288/)
2. **We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because our dwellings have cast us out.'**

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:289` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Jeremiah 9:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.288/)
- next →: [Jeremiah 9:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.290/)
- ↑ back to [Jeremiah 9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.18/)