---
title: Jeremiah 9:21 (JPS 1917) — Speak: Thus saith the LORD — And the carcasses of men fall as dung u… · tree and pragmatics
description: Speak: Thus saith the LORD — And the carcasses of men fall as dung upon the open field, and as the handful after the harvestman, which none gathereth.' Who acts: you, LORD, carcasses, none. Jeremiah 9:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 9:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speak: Thus saith the LORD — And the carcasses of men fall as dung upon the open field, and as the handful after the harvestman, which none gathereth.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, LORD, carcasses, none · **What happens:** speak, say, fall, gather · **To what, where:** harvestman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 9:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, LORD, carcasses, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:292
# text = Speak: Thus saith the LORD — And the carcasses of men fall as dung upon the open field, and as the handful after the harvestman, which none gathereth.'
1	Speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	handful	handful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
25	after	after	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	harvestman	harvestman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	obj	_	_
30	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	31	nsubj	_	_
31	gathereth	gather	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
33	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall** | present | the carcasses of men |  |  |  |  | as dung upon the open field; as the handful after the harvestman | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **gather** | present | none | the harvestman |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
דַּבֵּ֗ר כֹּ֚ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנָֽפְלָה֙ נִבְלַ֣ת הָֽאָדָ֔ם כְּדֹ֖מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּכְעָמִ֛יר מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הַקֹּצֵ֖ר וְאֵ֥ין מְאַסֵּֽף׃ס

[Jeremiah 9:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:292` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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