---
title: Jeremiah 11:19 (JPS 1917) — But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I kne… · tree and pragmatics
description: But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me: 'Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.' Who acts: I, branches, us, LORD. Jeremiah
---

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# Jeremiah 11:19 · JPS 1917

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But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me: 'Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.'

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**Who acts:** I, branches, us, LORD · **What happens:** be, lead, not know, devise, let, destroy · **To what, where:** docile lamb, slaughter, devices, us, tree, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 11:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, branches, us, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:344
# text = But I was like a docile lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me: 'Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	docile	docile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	slaughter	slaughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	devised	devise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	ccomp	_	_
23	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	parataxis	_	_
29	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
40	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	xcomp	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obj	_	_
43	off	off	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
44	from	from	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	nmod	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
51	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	58	mark	_	_
52	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nsubj:pass	_	_
54	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
55	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	aux:pass	_	_
56	no	no	ADV	RB	_	57	advmod	_	_
57	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	58	advmod	_	_
58	remembered	remember	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	41	advcl	_	_
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
60	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: other
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: changed form=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | like a docile lamb | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | present · passive |  | a docile lamb |  | the slaughter |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to slaughter=Destination |
| 3 | **not** **know** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **devise** | past · perfect | branches *= branch* | devices |  |  |  | against me | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent device=Patient |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **destroy** | infinitive | us *not said here* | the tree |  |  |  | with the fruit | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent tree=Patient with fruit=Instrument |
| 7 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **cut off** | infinitive | us *not said here* | LORD |  | the land of the living |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Theme from land=Initial\_Location |
| 9 | **remember** | may · passive |  | LORD's name |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 10 | **name** |  | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַאֲנִ֕י כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ אַלּ֖וּף יוּבַ֣ל לִטְב֑וֹחַ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֜עְתִּי כִּֽי־עָלַ֣י ׀ חָשְׁב֣וּ מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹת נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה עֵ֤ץ בְּלַחְמוֹ֙ וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים וּשְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא־יִזָּכֵ֥ר עֽוֹד׃

[Jeremiah 11:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.11.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:344` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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