---
title: Jeremiah 13:16 (JPS 1917) — Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before you… · tree and pragmatics
description: Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness. Who acts: you, glory, feet, ye. Jeremiah 13:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Jeremiah 13:16 · JPS 1917

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Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.

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**Who acts:** you, glory, feet, ye, LORD · **What happens:** give, grow, stumble, look, turn, make · **To what, where:** glory, LORD, mountains, shadow, death

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This is Jeremiah 13:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, glory, feet, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:386
# text = Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
12	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
15	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	stumble	stumble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	34	advcl	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nsubj	_	_
29	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	advcl	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
33	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	into	into	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	conj	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	gross	gross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	xcomp	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | glory | the LORD |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent glory=Theme to lord=Recipient |
| 2 | **grow** | present | glory |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stumble** | present | your feet |  |  | the mountains of twilight |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon mountain=Trajectory |
| 4 | **look** | present | ye |  |  |  |  | for light | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for light=Theme |
| 5 | **turn** | present | LORD | glory |  | the shadow of death |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into shadow=Trajectory |
| 6 | **make** | present | LORD *not said here* | glory |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 7 | **shadow** |  |  | death |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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תְּנוּ֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם כָּבוֹד֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־הָ֣רֵי נָ֑שֶׁף וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם לְאוֹר֙ וְשָׂמָ֣הּ לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת וְשִׁ֖ית לַעֲרָפֶֽל׃

[Jeremiah 13:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.13.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:386` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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