---
title: Jeremiah 13:19 (JPS 1917) — The cities of the South are shut up, and there is none to open them;… · tree and pragmatics
description: The cities of the South are shut up, and there is none to open them; Judah is carried away captive all of it; it is wholly carried away captive. Who acts: none. Jeremiah 13:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 13:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cities of the South are shut up, and there is none to open them; Judah is carried away captive all of it; it is wholly carried away captive.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** none · **What happens:** shut up, be, open, carry away · **To what, where:** cities, Judah, South

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 13:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:389
# text = The cities of the South are shut up, and there is none to open them; Judah is carried away captive all of it; it is wholly carried away captive.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	12	nsubj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
21	away	away	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	captive	captive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	advmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
29	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
31	away	away	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	captive	captive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	xcomp	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shut up** | present · passive |  | the cities of the South |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **open** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | cities *= city* |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 4 | **carry away** | present · passive |  | Judah |  |  |  | away, captive *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **carry away** | present · passive |  | South |  |  |  | away, captive, wholly *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עָרֵ֥י הַנֶּ֛גֶב סֻגְּר֖וּ וְאֵ֣ין פֹּתֵ֑חַ הָגְלָ֧ת יְהוּדָ֛ה כֻּלָּ֖הּ הָגְלָ֥ת שְׁלוֹמִֽים׃ס

[Jeremiah 13:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.13.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:389` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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