---
title: Jeremiah 14:2 (JPS 1917) — Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in bla… · tree and pragmatics
description: Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up. Who acts: Judah, gates, Jerusalem. Jeremiah 14:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 14:2 · JPS 1917

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Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.

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**Who acts:** Judah, gates, Jerusalem · **What happens:** mourn, languish, bow down, go up, cry · **To what, where:** black, cry

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This is Jeremiah 14:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah, gates, Jerusalem), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:403
# text = Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish, they bow down in black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up.
1	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mourneth	mourn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	languish	languish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	bow	bow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	black	black	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | present | Judah |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **languish** | present | the gates |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bow down** | present | gates *= gate* |  |  | black |  | unto the ground; down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in black=Location |
| 4 | **go up** | present · passive |  | the cry of Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: subject=Extent |
| 5 | **cry** |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם עָלָֽתָה׃

[Jeremiah 14:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.14.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:403` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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