---
title: Jeremiah 14:4 (JPS 1917) — Because of the ground which is cracked, for there hath been no rain… · tree and pragmatics
description: Because of the ground which is cracked, for there hath been no rain in the land, the plowmen are ashamed, they cover their heads. Who acts: rain, plowmen. Jeremiah 14:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 14:4 · JPS 1917

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Because of the ground which is cracked, for there hath been no rain in the land, the plowmen are ashamed, they cover their heads.

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**Who acts:** rain, plowmen · **What happens:** crack, be, cover · **To what, where:** ground, heads

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This is Jeremiah 14:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, plowmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:405
# text = Because of the ground which is cracked, for there hath been no rain in the land, the plowmen are ashamed, they cover their heads.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
11	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	plowmen	plowman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	cover	cover	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	parataxis	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | present · passive |  | the ground |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present · perfect | no rain in the land |  |  | there |  | because the ground | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the plowmen |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cover** | present | plowmen *= plowman* | plowmen's heads |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בַּעֲב֤וּר הָאֲדָמָה֙ חַ֔תָּה כִּ֛י לֹא־הָיָ֥ה גֶ֖שֶׁם בָּאָ֑רֶץ בֹּ֥שׁוּ אִכָּרִ֖ים חָפ֥וּ רֹאשָֽׁם׃

[Jeremiah 14:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.14.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:405` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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