---
title: Jeremiah 15:4 (JPS 1917) — And I will cause them to be a horror among all the kingdoms of the e… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will cause them to be a horror among all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem. Who acts: I, kinds, LORD. Jeremiah 15:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 15:4 · JPS 1917

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And I will cause them to be a horror among all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem.

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**Who acts:** I, kinds, LORD · **What happens:** cause, be, do · **To what, where:** kinds, horror, Jerusalem

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This is Jeremiah 15:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, kinds, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:435
# text = And I will cause them to be a horror among all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
10	among	among	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	13	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	Manasseh	Manasseh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	obj	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | future | I | kinds *= kind* |  |  |  | because Manasseh; for that | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition they=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | kinds *= kind* *not said here* | a horror |  |  |  | among all kingdoms of the earth | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | past | LORD |  |  | Jerusalem |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּנְתַתִּ֣ים לְזַֽעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ בִּ֠גְלַל מְנַשֶּׁ֤ה בֶן־יְחִזְקִיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[Jeremiah 15:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.15.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:435` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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