---
title: Jeremiah 15:8 (JPS 1917) — Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring… · tree and pragmatics
description: Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring upon them, against the mother, a chosen one, even a spoiler at noonday; I cause anguish and terrors to fall upon her suddenly. Who acts: I, anguish. Jeremiah 15:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Jeremiah 15:8 · JPS 1917

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Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring upon them, against the mother, a chosen one, even a spoiler at noonday; I cause anguish and terrors to fall upon her suddenly.

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**Who acts:** I, anguish · **What happens:** increase, bring, cause, fall · **To what, where:** widows, Me, sand, anguish

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This is Jeremiah 15:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, anguish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:441
# text = Their widows are increased to Me above the sand of the seas; I bring upon them, against the mother, a chosen one, even a spoiler at noonday; I cause anguish and terrors to fall upon her suddenly.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	widows	widow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	above	above	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	bring	bring	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	against	against	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	chosen	choose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	even	even	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	spoiler	spoiler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	noonday	noonday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
33	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
35	anguish	anguish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	terrors	terror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
40	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	_
42	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | present · passive |  | people's widows | Me | the sand of the seas |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: subject=Extent to i=Result |
| 2 | **bring** | present | I |  |  |  |  | upon people; against the mother | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent against mother=Destination |
| 3 | **cause** | present | I | anguish and terrors |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fall** | to-infinitive | anguish and terrors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon Jerusalem; suddenly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon she=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עָֽצְמוּ־לִ֤י אַלְמְנֹתָו֙מֵח֣וֹל יַמִּ֔ים הֵבֵ֨אתִי לָהֶ֥ם עַל־אֵ֛ם בָּח֖וּר שֹׁדֵ֣ד בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם הִפַּ֤לְתִּי עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּתְאֹ֔ם עִ֖יר וּבֶהָלֽוֹת׃

[Jeremiah 15:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.15.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:441` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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