--- title: Jeremiah 16:4 (JPS 1917) — They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neith… · tree and pragmatics description: They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, sword, carcasses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:460 # text = They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented, neither shall they be buried, they shall be as dung upon the face of the ground; and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 grievous grievous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 deaths death NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 11 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 lamented lament VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 neither neither CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 17 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 21 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 22 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 24 cop _ _ 23 as as ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 25 upon upon ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 consumed consume VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 37 by by ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl:agent _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 42 by by ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 famine famine NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 conj _ _ 44 ; ; PUNCT : _ 50 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 46 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 carcasses carcass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 nsubj _ _ 48 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 50 cop _ _ 50 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 51 for for ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 fowls fowl NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 nmod _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 nmod _ _ 56 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 57 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 58 for for ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 conj _ _ 61 of of ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 nmod _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **die** | shall | sons *= son* | | | | | of grievous deaths | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of death=Causer | | 2 | **not** **lament** | shall · passive | | sons *= son* | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | | 3 | **bury** | shall · passive | | sons *= son* | | | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **is** | shall | sons *= son* | | | | | as dung; upon the face of the ground | tree rules | | 5 | **consume** | shall · passive | the sword and famine | sons *= son* | | | | | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset | | 6 | **is a** | shall | sons's carcasses | meat | | | | for the fowls of heaven and the beasts of the earth | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} מְמוֹתֵ֨י תַחֲלֻאִ֜ים יָמֻ֗תוּ לֹ֤א יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְי֑וּ וּבַחֶ֤רֶב וּבָֽרָעָב֙ יִכְל֔וּ וְהָיְתָ֤ה נִבְלָתָם֙ לְמַאֲכָ֔ל לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ס [Jeremiah 16:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:460` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 16:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.459/) - next →: [Jeremiah 16:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.461/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 16:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.16.4/)