---
title: Jeremiah 2:24 (JPS 1917) — A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind in her… · tree and pragmatics
description: A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind in her desire; her lust, who can hinder it? Who acts: wild ass, lust, iniquity. Jeremiah 2:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 2:24 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind in her desire; her lust, who can hinder it?

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**Who acts:** wild ass, lust, iniquity · **What happens:** use, snuff up, hinder, desire, lust · **To what, where:** wild ass, wind, desire

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This is Jeremiah 2:24 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wild ass, lust, iniquity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:47
# text = A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind in her desire; her lust, who can hinder it?
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	snuffeth	snuff	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	lust	lust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	hinder	hinder	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: fragment
- act: evaluate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=frag, act=evaluate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a wild ass *not said here* |  |  |  | to the wilderness | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **snuff up** | present | a wild ass | the wind |  | iniquity's desire |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hinder** | can | iniquity's lust | wind |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Eventuality |
| 4 | **desire** |  | iniquity |  |  |  |  |  | nom desire «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **lust** |  | iniquity |  |  |  |  |  | nom lust «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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פֶּ֣רֶה ׀ לִמֻּ֣ד מִדְבָּ֗ר בְּאַוַּ֤ת נַפְשָׁהּ֙ שָׁאֲפָ֣ה ר֔וּחַ תַּאֲנָתָ֖הּ מִ֣י יְשִׁיבֶ֑נָּה כָּל־מְבַקְשֶׁ֙יהָ֙ לֹ֣א יִיעָ֔פוּ בְּחָדְשָׁ֖הּ יִמְצָאֽוּנְהָ׃

[Jeremiah 2:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.24/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind in her desire; her lust, who can hinder it?**
2. [All they that seek her will not weary themselves; in her month they shall find her.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.48/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:47` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Jeremiah 2:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.46/)
- next →: [Jeremiah 2:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.48/)
- ↑ back to [Jeremiah 2:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.2.24/)