---
title: Jeremiah 18:16 (JPS 1917) — To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every o… · tree and pragmatics
description: To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head. Who acts: land, one. Jeremiah 18:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 18:16 · JPS 1917

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To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head.

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**Who acts:** land, one · **What happens:** make, astonishment, pass, be, shake · **To what, where:** head

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This is Jeremiah 18:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:522
# text = To make their land an astonishment, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and shake his head.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hissing	hissing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	passeth	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
20	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=other, polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **astonishment** |  | people's land |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** | present | every one |  |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | shall | every one |  |  |  |  | astonished *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **shake** | infinitive | every one *not said here* | land's head |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לָשׂ֥וּם אַרְצָ֛ם לְשַׁמָּ֖ה שְׁרִיק֣וֹתעוֹלָ֑ם כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֖ם וְיָנִ֥יד בְּרֹאשֽׁוֹ׃

[Jeremiah 18:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:522` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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