--- title: Jeremiah 18:21 (JPS 1917) — Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to… · tree and pragmatics description: Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to the power of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved of their children, and widows; and let their men be slain of death, and their young men smitten of the sword in battle. Who acts: you, wives, men. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, wives, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:530 # text = Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and hurl them to the power of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved of their children, and widows; and let their men be slain of death, and their young men smitten of the sword in battle. 1 Therefore therefore ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 deliver deliver VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 up up ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 famine famine NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 hurl hurl VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 wives wife NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 bereaved bereave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 xcomp _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 widows widow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 35 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 37 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 slain slay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 34 xcomp _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 43 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 44 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nsubj:pass _ _ 46 smitten smite VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 conj _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 battle battle NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=request, form=imp, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **deliver up** | imperative | you *not said here* | people's children | | the famine | | therefore *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme to famine=Destination | | 2 | **hurl** | infinitive | you *not said here* | people | | the power of the sword | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent they=Theme to power=Destination | | 3 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | people's wives | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **bereave** | infinitive · passive | people's wives *not said here* | | | | | of people's children and widows | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: of child=Theme | | 5 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | people's men | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **slay** | infinitive · passive | people's men *not said here* | | | | | of death | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP» | | 7 | **smite** | participle · passive | | people's young men | | battle | | of the sword | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לָכֵן֩ תֵּ֨ן אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֜ם לָרָעָ֗ב וְהַגִּרֵם֮ עַל־יְדֵי־חֶרֶב֒ וְתִֽהְיֶ֨נָה נְשֵׁיהֶ֤ם שַׁכֻּלוֹת֙ וְאַלְמָנ֔וֹת וְאַ֨נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם יִֽהְי֖וּ הֲרֻ֣גֵי מָ֑וֶת בַּח֣וּרֵיהֶ֔ם מֻכֵּי־חֶ֖רֶב בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃ [Jeremiah 18:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.21/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:530` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 18:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.529/) - next →: [Jeremiah 18:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.531/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 18:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.18.21/)