---
title: Jeremiah 21:13 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; ye that say: 'Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into our habitations?' Who acts: I, LORD. Jeremiah 21:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 21:13 · JPS 1917

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Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; ye that say: 'Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into our habitations?'

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**Who acts:** I, LORD · **What happens:** be, say, come down, enter · **To what, where:** habitations · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 21:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:579
# text = Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; ye that say: 'Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into our habitations?'
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	_
9	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
24	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	_
29	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	31	nsubj	_	_
30	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
32	down	down	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	against	against	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
35	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	39	nsubj	_	_
38	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	conj	_	_
40	into	into	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	habitations	habitation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
43	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | against thee; inhabitant of the valley *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **come down** | shall |  |  |  |  |  | against us; down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against we=Location |
| 5 | **enter** | shall |  |  |  | our habitations |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into habitation=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנְנִ֨י אֵלַ֜יִךְ יֹשֶׁ֧בֶת הָעֵ֛מֶק צ֥וּר הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הָאֹֽמְרִים֙ מִֽי־יֵחַ֣ת עָלֵ֔ינוּ וּמִ֥י יָב֖וֹא בִּמְעוֹנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃

[Jeremiah 21:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.21.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:579` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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