---
title: Jeremiah 23:1 (JPS 1917) — Woe unto the shepherds that destroy and scatter the sheep of My past… · tree and pragmatics
description: Woe unto the shepherds that destroy and scatter the sheep of My pasture! saith the LORD. Who acts: shepherds, LORD. Jeremiah 23:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 23:1 · JPS 1917

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Woe unto the shepherds that destroy and scatter the sheep of My pasture! saith the LORD.

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**Who acts:** shepherds, LORD · **What happens:** destroy, scatter, say · **To what, where:** sheep · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 23:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherds, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:616
# text = Woe unto the shepherds that destroy and scatter the sheep of My pasture! saith the LORD.
1	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	destroy	destroy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	scatter	scatter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saith	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=character, polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present | the shepherds |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **scatter** | present | the shepherds *not said here* |  | the sheep of My pasture |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent sheep=Destination |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֣וֹי רֹעִ֗ים מְאַבְּדִ֧ים וּמְפִצִ֛ים אֶת־צֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתִ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃

[Jeremiah 23:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:616` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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