---
title: Jeremiah 23:10 (JPS 1917) — For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land… · tree and pragmatics
description: For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth, the pastures of the wilderness are dried up; and their course is evil, and their force is not right. Who acts: land, course, force. Jeremiah 23:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 23:10 · JPS 1917

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For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth, the pastures of the wilderness are dried up; and their course is evil, and their force is not right.

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**Who acts:** land, course, force · **What happens:** be, mourn, dry up, not be · **To what, where:** pastures

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This is Jeremiah 23:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, course, force), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:626
# text = For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth, the pastures of the wilderness are dried up; and their course is evil, and their force is not right.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	adulterers	adulterer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	for	for	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	swearing	swearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	mourneth	mourn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	pastures	pasture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
33	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
37	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character, polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the land |  |  |  |  | of adulterers; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mourn** | present | the land |  |  |  |  | because swearing | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **dry up** | present · passive |  | the pastures of the wilderness |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 4 | **is** | present | adulterers's course |  |  |  |  | evil *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **is** | present | adulterers's force |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֤י מְנָֽאֲפִים֙ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֤י אָלָה֙ אָבְלָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ יָבְשׁ֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר וַתְּהִ֤י מְרֽוּצָתָם֙ רָעָ֔ה וּגְבוּרָתָ֖ם לֹא־כֵֽן׃

[Jeremiah 23:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:626` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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