--- title: Jeremiah 23:14 (JPS 1917) — But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they… · tree and pragmatics description: But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies, and they strengthen the hands of evil-doers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all of them become unto Me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, prophets, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:630 # text = But in the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies, and they strengthen the hands of evil-doers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all of them become unto Me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 prophets prophet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 43 parataxis _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 horrible horrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 commit commit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 16 adultery adultery NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 lies lie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 strengthen strengthen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 evil evil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 29 punct _ _ 31 doers doer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 34 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 36 nsubj _ _ 35 doth do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 return return VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 37 from from ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 wickedness wickedness NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 41 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 42 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 43 all all PRON DT PronType=Tot 0 root _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod _ _ 46 become become VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 xcomp _ _ 47 unto unto ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 Me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 obl _ _ 49 as as ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 Sodom Sodom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 conj _ _ 55 thereof thereof ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 56 as as ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 Gomorrah Gomorrah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 nmod _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 43 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | present · perfect | I | a horrible thing | | the prophets of Jerusalem | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | | 2 | **commit** | present | prophets *= prophet* | adultery | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adultery=Theme | | 3 | **walk** | present | prophets *= prophet* *not said here* | | | lies | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lie=Trajectory | | 4 | **strengthen** | present | prophets *= prophet* | the hands of evil doers | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | | 5 | **return** | present · do-support | none | | | Jerusalem's wickedness | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from wickedness=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **is a** | present | prophets *= prophet* | all | | | | of doers *= doer* | tree rules | | 7 | **become** | present | prophets *= prophet* *not said here* | | | | | unto Me; as Sodom | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וּבִנְבִאֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם רָאִ֣יתִי שַׁעֲרוּרָ֗ה נָא֞וֹף וְהָלֹ֤ךְ בַּשֶּׁ֙קֶר֙ וְחִזְּקוּ֙ יְדֵ֣י מְרֵעִ֔ים לְבִ֨לְתִּי־שָׁ֔בוּ אִ֖ישׁ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ הָֽיוּ־לִ֤י כֻלָּם֙ כִּסְדֹ֔ם וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּעֲמֹרָֽה׃ס [Jeremiah 23:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:630` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 23:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.629/) - next →: [Jeremiah 23:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.631/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 23:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.23.14/)