---
title: Jeremiah 25:9 (JPS 1917) — behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith th… · tree and pragmatics
description: behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and I will send unto Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, My servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and
---

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# Jeremiah 25:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and I will send unto Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, My servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and a hissing, and perpetual desolations.

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**Who acts:** I, LORD · **What happens:** send, take, say, bring, destroy, make · **To what, where:** families, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 25:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:680
# text = behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and I will send unto Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, My servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about; and I will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and a hissing, and perpetual desolations.
1	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
23	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Nebuchadrezzar	Nebuchadrezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	against	against	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
42	against	against	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	conj	_	_
45	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
48	against	against	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	51	det:predet	_	_
50	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	51	det	_	_
51	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	conj	_	_
52	round	round	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
53	about	about	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
54	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	59	punct	_	_
55	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
56	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	59	nsubj	_	_
57	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	59	aux	_	_
58	utterly	utterly	ADV	RB	_	59	advmod	_	_
59	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
60	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	59	obj	_	_
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
63	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	conj	_	_
64	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	obj	_	_
65	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
66	astonishment	astonishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	xcomp	_	_
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	70	punct	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	70	cc	_	_
69	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	70	det	_	_
70	hissing	hissing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	conj	_	_
71	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	74	punct	_	_
72	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	74	cc	_	_
73	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	74	amod	_	_
74	desolations	desolation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	conj	_	_
75	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | future | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | I *not said here* | all families of the north |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **send** | future | I |  |  |  |  | unto Nebuchadrezzar | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **bring** | future | I *not said here* | families *= family* |  | this land and the inhabitants and all nations |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme against land=Destination |
| 6 | **destroy** | future | I | families *= family* |  |  |  | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 7 | **make** | infinitive | I *not said here* | families *= family* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃

[Jeremiah 25:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:680` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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