---
title: Jeremiah 25:38 (JPS 1917) — He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a… · tree and pragmatics
description: He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger. Who acts: fold. Jeremiah 25:38 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 25:38 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fold · **What happens:** forsake, become, anger · **To what, where:** covert, land

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This is Jeremiah 25:38 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:711
# text = He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	covert	covert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	_
18	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fierceness	fierceness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	oppressing	oppress	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	32	case	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	fixed	_	_
30	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forsake** | present · perfect | fold | fold's covert |  |  |  | as the lion | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | present · passive |  | shepherds's land |  |  |  | because the fierceness of the oppressing sword and fold's fierce anger | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **anger** |  | fold |  |  |  |  |  | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עָזַ֥ב כַּכְּפִ֖יר סֻכּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲר֣וֹן הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃פ

[Jeremiah 25:38: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.38/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:711` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Jeremiah 25:37 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.710/)
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