---
title: Jeremiah 3:3 (JPS 1917) — Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no lat… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no latter rain; yet thou hadst a harlot's forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed. Who acts: latter rain, thou. Jeremiah 3:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 3:3 · JPS 1917

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Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no latter rain; yet thou hadst a harlot's forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed.

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**Who acts:** latter rain, thou · **What happens:** withhold, be, have, refuse, not be · **To what, where:** showers, forehead

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This is Jeremiah 3:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (latter rain, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:73
# text = Therefore the showers have been withheld, and there hath been no latter rain; yet thou hadst a harlot's forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	showers	shower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	withheld	withhold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
10	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
13	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	hadst	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	harlot	harlot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
25	refusedst	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	cop	_	_
28	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withhold** | present · perfect · passive |  | the showers |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | present · perfect | no latter rain |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | thou | a harlot's forehead |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forehead=Patient |
| 4 | **refuse** | past | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **is** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּמָּנְע֣וּ רְבִבִ֔ים וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ ל֣וֹא הָיָ֑ה וּמֵ֨צַח אִשָּׁ֤ה זוֹנָה֙ הָ֣יָה לָ֔ךְ מֵאַ֖נְתְּ הִכָּלֵֽם׃

[Jeremiah 3:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:73` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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