---
title: Jeremiah 31:16 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come back from the land of the enemy. Who acts: LORD, voice, thy. Jeremiah 31:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 31:16 · JPS 1917

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Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come back from the land of the enemy.

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**Who acts:** LORD, voice, thy · **What happens:** say, refrain, reward, come back, work · **To what, where:** voice, weeping, work, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 31:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, voice, thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:848
# text = Thus saith the LORD: Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come back from the land of the enemy.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Refrain	refrain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	weeping	weep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	rewarded	reward	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
33	back	back	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **refrain** | infinitive |  | thy voice |  | weeping |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **reward** | shall · passive |  | thy work |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **come back** | shall | voice |  |  | the land of the enemy |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from land=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **work** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה מִנְעִ֤י קוֹלֵךְ֙ מִבֶּ֔כִי וְעֵינַ֖יִךְ מִדִּמְעָ֑ה כִּי֩ יֵ֨שׁ שָׂכָ֤ר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ אוֹיֵֽב׃

[Jeremiah 31:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:848` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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