--- title: Jeremiah 31:18 (JPS 1917) — I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: 'Thou hast chastised… · tree and pragmatics description: I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: 'Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a calf untrained; turn thou me, and I shall be turned, for Thou art the LORD my God. Who acts: I, Ephraim, Thou. Jeremiah 31:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.850/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/31/) / [31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.18/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 31:18 · JPS 1917 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: 'Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a calf untrained; turn thou me, and I shall be turned, for Thou art the LORD my God. **Who acts:** I, Ephraim, Thou · **What happens:** hear, bemoan, chastise, turn, be · **To what, where:** Ephraim, me, I, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Jeremiah 31:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Ephraim, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:850 # text = I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: 'Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a calf untrained; turn thou me, and I shall be turned, for Thou art the LORD my God. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 surely surely ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 bemoaning bemoan VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 xcomp _ _ 7 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 6 obj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 9 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 10 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 12 nsubj _ _ 11 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 chastised chastise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 ccomp _ _ 13 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 chastised chastise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 as as SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 calf calf NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 untrained untrained ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 advcl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 25 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 26 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 25 nsubj _ _ 27 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 conj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 for for SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 36 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 39 nsubj _ _ 37 art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 advcl _ _ 40 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 appos _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: express - voice: character - polarity: pos - teacher: changed act=express | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | I | Ephraim | | | | surely *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **bemoan** | gerund | Ephraim *not said here* | Ephraim | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **chastise** | present · perfect | Thou | me | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | | 4 | **chastise** | past · passive | | I | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **turn** | infinitive | thou | me | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme i=Result | | 6 | **turn** | shall · passive | | I | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: subject=Result | | 7 | **is a** | present | Thou | the LORD | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} שָׁמ֣וֹעַ שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד יִסַּרְתַּ֙נִי֙ וָֽאִוָּסֵ֔ר כְּעֵ֖גֶל לֹ֣א לֻמָּ֑ד הֲשִׁיבֵ֣נִי וְאָשׁ֔וּבָה כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃ [Jeremiah 31:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:850` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 31:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.849/) - next →: [Jeremiah 31:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.851/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 31:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.18/)