---
title: Jeremiah 31:37 (JPS 1917) — Thus saith the LORD: If heaven above can be measured, and the founda… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus saith the LORD: If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then will I also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD. Who acts: LORD, I, seed. Jeremiah 31:37 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Jeremiah 31:37 · JPS 1917

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Thus saith the LORD: If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then will I also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.

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**Who acts:** LORD, I, seed · **What happens:** say, measure, search out, cast off, do · **To what, where:** heaven, foundations, seed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 31:37 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, seed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:872
# text = Thus saith the LORD: If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then will I also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	above	above	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	measured	measure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	advcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	foundations	foundation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	searched	search	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	beneath	beneath	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
23	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
24	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	also	also	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
28	off	off	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	31	det:predet	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	obl	_	_
36	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	obj	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	35	acl:relcl	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **measure** *a condition, not said to happen* | can · passive |  | heaven |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value |
| 3 | **search out** | participle · passive |  | the foundations of the earth |  |  |  | beneath *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location |
| 4 | **cast off** | future | I | all seed of Israel |  |  | then | for all | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent seed=Material for all=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **do** | present · perfect | seed |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־יִמַּ֤דּוּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וְיֵחָקְר֥וּ מֽוֹסְדֵי־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמָ֑טָּה גַּם־אֲנִ֞י אֶמְאַ֨ס בְּכָל־זֶ֧רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ס

[Jeremiah 31:37: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.37/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:872` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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