---
title: Jeremiah 34:7 (JPS 1917) — when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and agains… · tree and pragmatics
description: when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and against Azekah; for these alone remained of the cities of Judah as fortified cities. Who acts: king. Jeremiah 34:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Jeremiah 34:7 · JPS 1917

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when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and against Azekah; for these alone remained of the cities of Judah as fortified cities.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** fight, leave, remain, fortify · **To what, where:** cities, Lachish, these

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This is Jeremiah 34:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:953
# text = when the king of Babylon's army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish and against Azekah; for these alone remained of the cities of Judah as fortified cities.
1	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	against	against	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Lachish	Lachish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Azekah	Azekah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
29	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
30	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	32	obl	_	_
31	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	as	as	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	amod	_	_
40	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the king of Babylon's army |  |  |  |  | against Jerusalem and all cities of Judah | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  | all cities of Judah |  | Lachish and Azekah |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme against lachish=Location |
| 3 | **remain** | past |  | these |  |  |  | of the cities of Judah; as fortified cities | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְחֵ֣יל מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֗ל נִלְחָמִים֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה הַנּֽוֹתָר֑וֹת אֶל־לָכִישׁ֙ וְאֶל־עֲזֵקָ֔ה כִּ֣י הֵ֗נָּה נִשְׁאֲר֛וּ בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עָרֵ֥י מִבְצָֽר׃פ

[Jeremiah 34:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.34.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:953` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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