--- title: Jeremiah 3:25 (JPS 1917) — Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we… · tree and pragmatics description: Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.' Who acts: you, us, confusion, we. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, us, confusion, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:97 # text = Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.' 1 Let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 obj _ _ 3 lie lie VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ _ 4 down down ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 shame shame NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _ 11 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 confusion confusion NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 cover cover VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ _ 14 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 for for SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 17 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 sinned sin VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 1 advcl _ _ 20 against against ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 appos _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 conj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 fathers father NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 34 even even ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 35 unto unto ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 37 det _ _ 37 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 40 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 41 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 43 advmod _ _ 43 hearkened hearken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 19 conj _ _ 44 to to ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _ 50 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ _ 51 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 appos _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ 53 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: suggest - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | us | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **lie down** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | our shame | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shame=Location | | 3 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | our confusion | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **cover** | infinitive | our confusion *not said here* | | us | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme we=Destination | | 5 | **sin** | present · perfect | we | | | our youth unto this day | | against the LORD | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against lord=Maleficiary | | 6 | **not** **hearken** | present · perfect | we | | | | | to the voice of the LORD | tree rules | | 7 | **shame** | | our | | | | | | nom shame «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **confuse** | | our | | | | | | nom confusion «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ כִּי֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ חָטָ֗אנוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ס [Jeremiah 3:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.25/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:97` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 3:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.96/) - next →: [Jeremiah 4:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.98/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 3:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.25/)