---
title: Joel 1:2 (JPS 1917) — Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. · tree and pragmatics
description: Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. Who acts: you. Joel 1:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 1:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** hear, give · **To what, where:** this, ear

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This is Joel 1:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:1
# text = Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land.
1	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	obj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	1	vocative	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	det	_	_
14	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | imperative | you *not said here* | this |  |  |  | ye *vocative* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 2 | **give** | infinitive | you *not said here* | ear |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
שִׁמְעוּ־זֹאת֙ הַזְּקֵנִ֔ים וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ הֶהָ֤יְתָה זֹּאת֙ בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֖ם בִּימֵ֥י אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃

[Joel 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.2/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land.**
2. [Hath this been in your days, or in the days of your fathers?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:1` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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