---
title: Joel 1:18 (JPS 1917) — How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because… · tree and pragmatics
description: How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate. Who acts: beasts, herds. Joel 1:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.18/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/1/) / [1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.18/) / JPS 1

# Joel 1:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** beasts, herds · **What happens:** groan, perplex, have, make · **To what, where:** herds, pasture, flocks

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joel 1:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beasts, herds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:18
# text = How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	groan	groan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	herds	herd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	perplexed	perplex	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
20	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	27	discourse	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
28	desolate	desolate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=excl, act=express

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **groan** | present · do-support | the beasts |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perplex** | present · passive |  | the herds of cattle |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **have** | present | herds *= herd* | no pasture |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasture=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | present · passive |  | the flocks of sheep |  |  |  | desolate *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃

[Joel 1:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.18/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:18` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Joel 1:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.17/)
- next →: [Joel 1:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.19/)
- ↑ back to [Joel 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.18/)