---
title: Joel 2:10 (JPS 1917) — Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining. Who acts: earth, heavens, stars, people. Joel 2:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 2:10 · JPS 1917

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Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining.

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**Who acts:** earth, heavens, stars, people · **What happens:** quake, tremble, become, withdraw, shine · **To what, where:** sun, shining

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This is Joel 2:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, heavens, stars, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:30
# text = Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	quaketh	quake	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	tremble	tremble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
18	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	shining	shining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **quake** | present | the earth |  |  |  | before people |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before they=Location |
| 2 | **tremble** | present | the heavens |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | present · passive |  | the sun and the moon |  |  |  | black *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 4 | **withdraw** | present | the stars | people's shining |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shining=Theme |
| 5 | **shine** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom shining «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃

[Joel 2:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:30` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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