---
title: Joel 2:14 (JPS 1917) — Who knoweth whether He will not turn and repent, and leave a blessin… · tree and pragmatics
description: Who knoweth whether He will not turn and repent, and leave a blessing behind Him, even a meal-offering and a drink-offering unto the LORD your God? Who acts: LORD. Joel 2:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 2:14 · JPS 1917

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Who knoweth whether He will not turn and repent, and leave a blessing behind Him, even a meal-offering and a drink-offering unto the LORD your God?

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**Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** know, not turn, repent, leave · **To what, where:** blessing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joel 2:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:34
# text = Who knoweth whether He will not turn and repent, and leave a blessing behind Him, even a meal-offering and a drink-offering unto the LORD your God?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knoweth	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	repent	repent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	blessing	blessing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	even	even	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	_
22	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	_
27	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
28	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
33	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed form=q, indirect=1, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **turn** | future | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **repent** | infinitive | LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **leave** | infinitive | LORD *not said here* | a blessing |  |  |  | behind LORD | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent blessing=Theme behind he=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִ֥י יוֹדֵ֖עַ יָשׁ֣וּב וְנִחָ֑ם וְהִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָיו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָנֶ֔סֶךְ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃פ

[Joel 2:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:34` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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