---
title: Joel 2:18 (JPS 1917) — Then was the LORD jealous for His land, and had pity on His people. · tree and pragmatics
description: Then was the LORD jealous for His land, and had pity on His people. Who acts: LORD. Joel 2:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 2:18 · JPS 1917

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Then was the LORD jealous for His land, and had pity on His people.

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**Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** pity

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This is Joel 2:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:38
# text = Then was the LORD jealous for His land, and had pity on His people.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	jealous	jealous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the LORD |  |  |  | then | for LORD's land; jealous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | the LORD *not said here* | pity |  |  |  | on LORD's people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pity=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְקַנֵּ֥א יְהוָ֖ה לְאַרְצ֑וֹ וַיַּחְמֹ֖ל עַל־עַמּֽוֹ׃

[Joel 2:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:38` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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