---
title: Joel 2:25 (JPS 1917) — And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the canker-worm, and the caterpiller, and the palmer-worm, My great army which I sent among you. Who acts: I, locust. Joel 2:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 2:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the canker-worm, and the caterpiller, and the palmer-worm, My great army which I sent among you.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, locust · **What happens:** restore, eat, send · **To what, where:** you, years, great army

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joel 2:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, locust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:45
# text = And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the canker-worm, and the caterpiller, and the palmer-worm, My great army which I sent among you.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	restore	restore	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	locust	locust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	canker	canker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	_
18	worm	worm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	caterpiller	caterpiller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	palmer	palmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	_
28	worm	worm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	obj	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
36	among	among	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restore** | future | I |  | you |  | year |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to you=Recipient |
| 2 | **eat** | present · perfect | the locust | the years and the canker worm and the caterpiller and the palmer worm |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 3 | **send** | past | I | My great army |  |  |  | among you | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה הַיֶּ֖לֶק וְהֶחָסִ֣יל וְהַגָּזָ֑ם חֵילִי֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁלַּ֖חְתִּי בָּכֶֽם׃

[Joel 2:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:45` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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