---
title: Joel 3:4 (JPS 1917) — The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, befo… · tree and pragmatics
description: The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come. Who acts: great day. Joel 3:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 3:4 · JPS 1917

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The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come.

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**Who acts:** great day · **What happens:** turn, come · **To what, where:** sun, darkness

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This is Joel 3:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:51
# text = The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
15	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
20	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | shall · passive |  | the sun |  | darkness |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into darkness=Trajectory |
| 2 | **come** | present | the great day of the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃

[Joel 3:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:51` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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