---
title: Joel 4:2 (JPS 1917) — I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley… · tree and pragmatics
description: I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will enter into judgment with them there for My people and for My heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and divided My land. Who acts: I, nations. Joel 4:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency
---

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# Joel 4:2 · JPS 1917

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I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will enter into judgment with them there for My people and for My heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and divided My land.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, nations · **What happens:** gather, bring down, enter, scatter, divide · **To what, where:** nations, valley, judgment, Israel, land

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joel 4:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:54
# text = I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will enter into judgment with them there for My people and for My heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and divided My land.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	gather	gather	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
26	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	heritage	heritage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
34	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	39	obj	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	34	acl:relcl	_	_
40	among	among	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	divided	divide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	conj	_	_
46	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | future | I | all nations |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Theme |
| 2 | **bring down** | future | I *not said here* | nations *= nation* |  | the valley of Jehoshaphat |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme into valley=Destination |
| 3 | **enter** | future | I |  |  | judgment; there |  | with nations *= nation*; for My people and My heritage and Israel | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into judgment=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **scatter** | present · perfect | nations *= nation* | Israel |  | the nations |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent whom=Theme among nation=Destination |
| 5 | **divide** | past | nations *= nation* *not said here* | My land |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְקִבַּצְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔ים אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י עִמָּ֜ם שָׁ֗ם עַל־עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּזְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶת־אַרְצִ֖י חִלֵּֽקוּ׃

[Joel 4:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:54` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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